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Why have sexual and family norms of American society changed so dramatically in the last few decades? Lionel Tiger presents a unique perspective, offering arresting evidence that the real issue is reproduction, a biological process. He argues that the spread of effective contraception, controlled by women, gives them the sole power to decide to, or not to, bear children. Removed from the process of reproduction, men have begun to feel obsolete, resulting in their unprecedented withdrawal from family systems.
- Sales Rank: #969299 in Books
- Published on: 2000-09-02
- Released on: 2000-09-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .75" w x 5.50" l, .84 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 336 pages
- ISBN13: 9780312263119
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
Amazon.com Review
Biological anthropologist Lionel Tiger, best known for developing the concept of male bonding in Men in Groups, offers what he calls "a chronicle of the decline of men and the ascendancy of women." If there were a male counterpart to feminism--masculinism?--this is where it would be found. Profound social changes over the last several decades are rooted in reproductive technology, which "has given enormous general power to women that has been translated beyond the family sphere," says Tiger. This is not an unequivocally positive development, he believes, and it has led to a slew of problems that include general family breakdown. The book is occasionally alarmist, yet there is also a freshness to its argument.
The Decline of Males is a nonsexist brief on behalf of men, and it includes a number of interesting observations. As women play a larger role in public life, men are looking for new ways to be male. "Perhaps the apparent explosion of interest in sports and pornography means that men are trying to find new outlets to express their inherent maleness, which they may feel otherwise obligated to repress," writes Tiger. Several of his proposals are politically naive, but intriguing in how they blend conservative and liberal ideas. Tiger, for example, thinks men should earn higher pay for the children they have during a first marriage, and that unmarried women with children should receive welfare without having to work. The Decline of Males will fascinate some readers and exasperate others, yet all will agree it makes a unique intellectual contribution to the ongoing sex wars. --John J. Miller
From Publishers Weekly
Males have declined into bewildered, lonely creatures since "new and effective contraceptive technology, controlled by women" and the "anti-male" discourse of feminism have led to a pervasive social shift away from "male-centered production to female-centered reproduction." With the advent of the Pill, men have become from the "means of reproduction" and the demand for abortion has risen. The ancient mammalian unit of mother and child has morphed into a "bureaugamy," as single mothers find government assistance a more satisfying partner than a confused male. Or so says anthropologist Tiger (Men in Groups, etc.), who claims that only Darwinian biology can satisfactorily explain these changes and pities anyone foolish enough to believe the "Christian Science about human behavior" known as gender studies and sociology. This "psychosexual weather report" will delight those who find sociobiology convincing, but may vex readers who want more than newspaper articles offered as science (118 references to the New York Times alone). It may also be news to many women that they are "on the way to winning" the war between the sexes and will soon dominate the world economic system. Somewhat paradoxically, Tiger celebrates single mothers as the heroic vanguard of a new social order in the "human zoo," yet proclaims that it is men who have been "liberated" by the women's movement. Although provocative, his arguments won't withstand much serious scrutiny from points of view outside biology that may not see humans as analogous to bats and tadpoles. Agent, Amanda Urban of ICM.
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Stressing the framework of evolution, Rutgers University anthropologist Tiger (Men in Groups, LJ 8/69) explores the recent dramatic changes in human reproduction and behavior owing essentially to female-controlled methods of contraception throughout the industrial world. He documents a major shift in confidence and power from men to women, giving special attention to the profound social consequences. Tiger argues that males are now withdrawing from family life and feeling obsolete. A new family pattern, or "bureaugamy," is emerging: the mother-child unit (a return to the primary primate social bond) financially supported, in part, by a government agency. More and more alienated from the process of reproduction, independent males seek behavioral expression and emotional satisfaction in drugs, sports, pornography, and the military. Tiger also emphasizes the unspoken but important relationship between love and money. This provocative book raises questions about the awesome influences of nanotechnology and genetic engineering on the future of human sexuality and social structure. Highly recommended.AH. James Birx, Canisius Coll., Buffalo, NY
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Most helpful customer reviews
16 of 24 people found the following review helpful.
Politically incorrect; Biologically correct.
By smarmer
Only some sloppy editing and some repeatitive writing kept this from getting 5 stars. The ideas are electrifying. Tiger's basic theses are summarized in the Amazon and Publisher's reviews. Briefly, some of the highlights are --
"Who would have predicted that the introduction of female contraception would be followed by an INCREASE in abortions and an INCREASE in single mothers?" "Who would have predicted that women would outnumber men in college 55 to 45 percent?"
"Who would have thought that women would be in the majority in graduate schools, and at the 50% in medical schools?"
"Is the rise in male homosexuality in any way related to femanism?"
"Are there fewer reasons today for women to marry than there were a generation ago?"
"Is the birth control pill (and the hormonal changes it brings about) partly responsible for the trend toward more revealing fashions?"
"What will become of males who are not connected with families and children? Will humans revert to the more basic mammalian pattern of mother-child units disconnected from bachelor hordes of males?"
"What will be the long term consequences for male children raised in the absense of fathers connected to the family units?"
These are some of the issues Lionel Tiger ties together in an elegant and layered argument.
Though he sometimes obscures his points, perhaps for protection in the university "jungle," this book merits a careful reading. It has certainly been one of the two or three most influential books I have read this year. His discussion of the power of biology to over-rule the power of politics will force the reader to rethink many basic assumptions. Highly recommended.
PS Is it a sign of the times that this distinguished scientist had his manuscript published by Golden Books? Did the other major publishing houses find it too hot to handle?
35 of 54 people found the following review helpful.
Feminists able to hold that tiger!
By Jack Maybrick
Lionel Tiger is one of many people who pose no real threat to feminism but who wind up on the feminist "enemy's list" anyway.
In his 1969 book "Men in Groups", Tiger popularized the concept of "male bonding", and his studies of gender behavior in Israeli kibbutzim also raised some feminist ire.
In this more recent book, however, he notes the decline of males in terms of economics, reproduction, and morale and attributes it to the "pill". His explanation is convoluted and riveted in the observation that the "pill" enables females to have complete control of reproduction. Both partners are aware if the male is using a condom, but with the advent of the pill and intrauterine devices, only the female is aware of the likelihood of conception.
While one would expect these developments to have a significant impact on mating (if one naively assumes that the female partner ALWAYS has a zone of privacy large enough to keep such things secret), they hardly seem relevant to or adequate explanation for the near-complete disenfranchisement of males that Tiger alludes to, in virtually all industrial societies, even those with less advanced birth control methods. This disenfranchisement includes male declines (relative to females) in employment, educational attainment, and real wages; disengagement from their offspring; and the prevalence of male-bashing.
Interestingly enough, while Tiger expresses some inward trouble with male-bashing, he has no hesitation in quoting male-bashing sources approvingly to support his points. His bibliography is replete with articles titled with such endearing epithets as "Are Men Necessary?" and he expresses the wish that someone would republish Kate Millett's "Sexual Politics".
Tiger compares the women's revolution to the Marxist revolution and he goes off on the wrong track by deciding that the women's revolution is "different" somehow. Communists rebel over the means of production; women rebel over the means of reproduction. Tiger spends too much time sniffing bedroom sheets to allow it to occur to him that the causes of women making war on men in the name of feminism are the same as those that were behind the Communist revolution: envy and treachery.
Because the fact is that Tiger is not an anti-feminist. The ire that he raises among feminists stems from his occasional willingness to stray from the party line and to notice the real world behaving differently from the model suggested in feminist ant farms, as well as his willingness to consider human behavior in terms of evolutionary inheritance. He occasionally asks some tough questions of the feminists, but he asks them as innocuously as a timid student approaching a bombastic professor. This Tiger doesn't deliver the raw meat. His questions all boil down to the same thing: "What's to become of the males?"
And you get the idea that Tiger's mildly-expressed interest in saving the males is largely for preservationist reasons - the same reasons that might be advanced to save the spotted owl. He has no real sense that men have value other than as curiosities, and he's careful NOT to urge that males be saved at the expense of the matriarchal status quo.
Males are actually not fully human in Tiger's eyes. He has bought into the doctrine of the mutant Y chromosome and the oft-repeated notion that "basic" humanity is represented by the female structure.
And if he quietly bemoans what is going on today, he still wouldn`t change a thing. He acknowledges that children are at increased risk in the presence of step-parents, but homosexual parents raising children (by nature, a step-parent arrangement) suits him fine.
The huge growth in the phenomenon of the single mother would appear to be a principal cause of isolating men from their offspring, but he spends much of this book singing paeans to single mothers. The world is overpopulated, in Tiger's eyes, when he wishes to defend the decision of women to pursue careers at the expense of childbirth and underpopulated when he wishes to praise the fertility of single mothers. By the way, if homosexual parenting and single motherhood raise some moral hackles, Tiger doesn't care. He has the soul of an intellectualoid, and he just CAN'T STAND moralizing.
The traditional system of men working for a family income and women wiving in exchange for support from that income SEEMED to work with less stress than imposed today, but Tiger certainly doesn't suggesting returning to it. Because, you see, women are not only more human than men but have economic skills that men might not have and he wouldn`t dream of restricting them.
Why does he think this? Well, as an anthropologist, he notices the acquisitive behavior of single mothers as well as networking abilities of women in the West African marketplace and is suitably impressed. Yet the coiner of the concept of "male bonding" sternly calls for the breakup of male-only private clubs (whose existence would themselves suggest a male facility for networking, if he didn't choose to look at THESE networks through female-jaundiced glasses) because he finds them harmful to the legitimate career aspirations of women.
Couldn't women use their vaunted economic skills to form their own exclusive networks? Of course, Tiger SHOULD be well aware that they do just that and that these networks, unlike the male ones, have the blessing of the law and of society. It's the same old story: male advantages are described in terms of "oppression"; female advantages are described in terms of innate ability.
Tiger's solutions at the end of the book are puerile and don't amount to anything other than "Can't we get along?" He brings, not even a knife, but a sponge to the gunfight. His response to the degradation of males and (he acknowledges the possibility) the literal phasing out of the male population is as depressing as are the conditions that he describes. It all leads to the depressing conclusion that before men are able to convince women of the fallacies behind the concept of male inferiority, they will first have to convince themselves.
31 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
Intelligent & thought-provoking -- must reading.
By A Customer
Lionel Tiger's insightful new book focuses on changes that are influencing virtually every facet of American society. It is no secret that, since the introduction of birth control, elemental patterns of dating, mating and sexuality have undergone a revolution. Gender barriers that seemed insurmountable two generations ago have greatly diminished if not vanished completely (in 1920, who would have thought that roughly half of Ivy League undergraduates would be women?) Not all the consequences of these changes have been expected or understood. Tiger forces us to confront many of them that have escaped previous analysis.
Some people, of course, would rather not think about the facts and issues that now confront us. To see how explosive Tiger's work can be, you need only read the outraged reaction of the Kirkus reviewer. It's not hard to see why highly ideological feminists, with a vested interest in ideas not facts, might be outraged by the book. But for the rest of us, The Decline of Males is must reading.
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